ASTM A276 Type 321 Bolt, Nuts, Washers Manufacturer & Supplier in India

ASTM A276 Type 321, ASTM A276 Type 321 Bolt, Nuts, ASTM A240 Bolt Manufacturer in India – Ananka Group

ASTM A276 Type 321 is an austenitic stainless steel specification designed to resist intergranular corrosion following exposure to elevated temperatures. This grade is stabilized by adding titanium to avoid the precipiation of chromium carbide and is hence suitable for usage where components are exposed to continuous or intermittent heating in the temperature range of 800-1500°F (427-816°C). The usage of Type 321 stainless steel is very common in industrial applications that require high resistance to heat as well as corrosion.

ASTM A276 Type 321 Composition and Properties

Composition Types 321 stainless steel shall contain in preheating the following compositions:

Chemical Element Composition (%)

Cr 17.0 – 19.0

Ni 9.0 – 12.0

Ti 5C x minimum. 

It is typically about 0.4 – 0.7%

C ≤ 0.08%

Mn ≤ 2.0%

Si ≤ 1.0%

P ≤ 0.045%

S ≤ 0.030%

The titanium in Type 321 stabilizes the material and prevents the formation of chromium carbides while forming titanium carbides instead. The alloy is thereby protected against intergranular corrosion that might penetrate the austenitic stainless steels when they are exposed to high temperatures.

Key Features:

Intergranular Corrosion Resistance: The stabilization against chromium carbide precipitation on Type 321 stainless steel qualifies it for high-temperature applications where intergranular corrosion may be a problem.

Good Oxidation Resistance: Type 321 has excellent oxidation resistance up to 1500°F (816°C).

Excellent Weldability: Type 321 is weldable and the welding process does not provide material loss of its corrosion resistance, which is an important advantage over Type 304.

High Strength and Toughness: It has good mechanical strength and toughness up to elevated temperature and hence is ideal for applications involving high stress.

Formability: Type 321 has excellent formability and machinability, which makes it versatile enough to be applied into most processes.

Applications

Exhaust Systems: This kind of steel is most commonly used in the auto and aerospace industries for exhaust systems because of its high temperature and oxidation resistance.

Heat Exchangers and Boilers: Application of this alloy to the heat exchangers, boiler tubes, and other related heat-resistant applications in power plants and chemical processing equipment.

Pressure Vessels: Type 321 is used in pressure vessels with high temperature.

Chemical Processing Equipment: Type 321 has great resistance to corrosive environments, so it’s used with chemical and petrochemical processing equipment.

Furnace Components: Parts and pieces used for the manufacture of furnaces are usually made from Type 321 due to its high-temperature strength and resistance to oxidation.

Mechanical Properties:

Tensile Strength ≥ 75 ksi (515 MPa)

Tensile Strength : ≥ 30 ksi (205 MPa)

ELONGATION: Percent in 2 inches (50.8 mm). MINIMUM 40

Hardness: ≤ 95 HRB (Rockwell B)

Summary:

ASTM A276 Type 321 stainless steel is high-strength, corrosion-resistant material stabilized to prevent intergranular corrosion from redressing in extremely high-temperature uses. Due to good mechanical properties and oxidation resistance, Type 321 is perfect for heat-exposed parts in industries, automobiles, and aerospace requiring reliability at extreme conditions.

ASTM A276 Type 321 Chemical Composition